#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


class Animal
{
public:
    virtual ~Animal() {}  // Initiate polymorphism via virtual destructor
};

class Cat : public Animal
{
};

class Dog : public Animal
{
public:
    void bark() const
    {
        cout << "woof\n";
    }
};

int main()
{
    Cat fred;
    Dog fido;
    fido.bark();
    Animal* ptrAnimal;
    Dog* ptrDog;

    // Call the bark function using an Animal*
    ptrAnimal = &fido;
    // ptrAnimal -> bark();

    // Call the bark function using an Animal* cast to a Dog*
    dynamic_cast<Dog*>(ptrAnimal) -> bark();

    // Testing a dynamic cast
    ptrDog = dynamic_cast<Dog*>(&fido);
    cout << "&fido=" << &fido << " ptrDog = " << ptrDog << endl;

    ptrDog = dynamic_cast<Dog*>(&fred);
    cout << "&fred=" << &fred << " ptrDog = " << ptrDog << endl;
}