#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <climits>
using namespace std;

template <typename T> void printBits(T type);
unsigned powerOf2(int exp);

int main()
{
    printBits('A');

    printBits(static_cast<short>(12));
    printBits(static_cast<short>(32000));

    printBits(25);
    printBits(255);
    printBits(1234);
    printBits(123456);
    printBits(12345678);
    printBits(1234567890);
    cout << endl;

    int big = INT_MAX;
    printBits(big);
    big++;
    printBits(big);
    cout << endl;

    unsigned int ubig = INT_MAX;
    printBits(ubig);
    ubig++;
    printBits(ubig);
    cout << endl;

    printBits(123.456f);
    printBits(123.456);
}

template <typename T>
void printBits(T t)
{
    cout << setw(8) << t << " = ";
    unsigned mask;
    unsigned char* ptr;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(T); i++)
    {
        // Advance ptr each byte of the argument
        ptr = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&t) + i;

        // Print the contents of the byte
        for (int i = 7; i >= 0; --i)
        {
            mask = powerOf2(i);
            cout << (*ptr & mask ? 1 : 0);
        }
        cout << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

unsigned powerOf2(int exp)
{
    unsigned value = 1;
    for (auto i = 0; i < exp; ++i)
    {
        value *= 2;
    }
    return value;
}