#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <climits>
using namespace std;

unsigned powerOf2(int exp);
template <typename T> void printBits(T type);


int main()
{
    unsigned char a = 77;
    unsigned char b = 20;
    cout << "  a =";printBits(a);
    cout << "  b =";printBits(b);
    cout << "a&b =";printBits(a&b);
    cout << "a|b =";printBits(a|b);
    cout << "a^b =";printBits(a^b);
    cout << " ~a =";printBits(~a);
    cout << "a<<1=";printBits(a<<1);
    cout << "a<<2=";printBits(a<<2);
    cout << "a<<8=";printBits(a<<8);
    cout << "a<<9=";printBits(a<<9);
    cout << "a>>1=";printBits(a>>1);
    cout << "a>>2=";printBits(a>>2);
    cout << "a>>9=";printBits(a>>9);
}

template <typename T>
void printBits(T t)
{
    unsigned mask;
    unsigned char* ptr;
    cout << setw(5) << static_cast<int>(t) << " ";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(T); i++)
    {
        // Advance ptr each byte of the argument
        ptr = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&t) + i;

        // Print the contents of the byte
        for (int i = 7; i >= 0; --i)
        {
            mask = powerOf2(i);
            cout << (*ptr & mask ? 1 : 0);
        }
        cout << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

unsigned powerOf2(int exp)
{
    unsigned value = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < exp; ++i)
    {
        value *= 2;
    }
    return value;
}